1800 Census Notes from newspapers of the day:

From the Mountain Democrat, (Placerville, CA), May 21, 1910: 

  "In 1790 the total population of the United States was 3,329,214;
in 1800 it was 5,308,483..."

From the Adams Centinel, (Gettysburg, PA), November 19, 1800: 

  "Mr. Wayne, Unfortunately for the United States, and to the great
injury of the American character, uncommon pains is taken, through
the medium of the public prints and otherwise, to make the world be-
lieve that the people of this country, are divided into two parties -
of Monarchists, and Republicans; than which, there never was a grea-
ter falsehood endeavored to be imposed.
  "A very little reflection will convince any unprejudiced observer,
that the true state of our politics is as follow:
  "The people who brought about the formation of the present govern-
ment, are Federal Republicans - A party exists, that origi-
nated on a dislike to the constitution and government, and is com-
posed of men, who have and may be justly called Anti-Federalists.
  "It is to be observed, that the most pernicious consequences will 
always result to a country, from the agents of foreign nations being
allowed to interfere in its politics and affairs of government.  This
has been emminently the case in the United States....
  "...I will venture to predict, that if ever the government is de-
stroyed, it will be by the violent and imprudent conduct of the party
that has always been hostile to it.
  "It is in the nature of Jacobinism, in every part of the world, to
pull down and overturn - the anti-federalists, part of whom may be 
termed Jacobins, or Democrats of the most violent kind, have usurped
the exclusive title of republicans, and pretend a superior attachment
to the constitution; but that a set of men, who were so strenously
opposed to the adoption of the government, should now be its best 
friends, is a thing too absurd and incredible to be seriously believed
by any person of common sense!"
[a letter to the editor]

From the Adams Centinel, (Gettysburg, PA), December 30, 1801: 

  "Wednesday, December 16. [1801] - The subject of the Census was again
called up.  Mr. Griswold thought by the ratio of one member for 33,000
persons, the house would be increased to an unwieldy and cumbersome size.
There would be upwards of 130 members.  He thought the house sufficiently
numerous already to answer every valuable purpose, the expense would be
increased, and business delayed.  Mr. G. moved to strike out 33 and fill
the blank with some other number.
  "Gen. Smith wished to know with what number.
  "Mr. Griswold said he would mention 40 thousand; but would leave it to 
the decision of the house.
  "Mr. Nicholson wished to know whether the same words might again be 
inserted, if on trial no other could be agreed on.
  "The speaker informed him that it would remain blank; and might be 
filled with the same or any other number."

From the Adams Centinel, (Gettysburg, PA), October 7, 1801: 

  "CENSUS Of the United States, complete, excepting Tennessee, one allot-
ment in New York, and part of another in Maryland.

Districts or Territories.      Slaves     Total.
New Hampshire                       8    183,858
Rhode Island                      380     69,122
Massachusetts                     ___    422,845
Maine                             ___    151,719
Connecticut                       951    251,002
Vermont                           ___    154,465
New York                       15,602    484,065
New Jersey                     12,422    211,149
East Dist. Penn.                  557    327,799
Western do.                     1,149    274,566
Delaware                        6,153     64,273
Maryland                      100,393    309,704
East Dist. Virg.              322,199    676,632
Western do.                    23,597    202,268
North Carolina                133,296    478,163
South Carolina                146,150    345,590
Georgia                        59,690    162,686
Kentucky                       40,343    220,955
Tennessee                         ___        ___
Territory, Mississippi          3,480      8,850
_________, N. of Ohio             ___     45,365
_________, Indiana                135      4,875
Michillmackinac and
 other places returned
 in gross                                    765
Dist. of Columbia, south of
the Potomack                    1,172      5,949
North do.                       2,072      8,144
                            ---------   --------
                              869,768  5,064,801
                            ---------   --------
The total population of the United States, as taken in 1790, amounted
to                                     3,929,326

The present census amounts to          5,064,801
In this statement
   Tennessee is wanting,
   the numbers of which
   state, with those de-
   ficient in New York
   and Maryland, may be
   estimated at                          150,000
                                         -------
                                       5,214,801
                                       ---------
Increase in ten years about            1,285,475
                                       ---------
   This increase is at the rate of about one-third in ten years, 
which will double any given number in about 24 years.
   In 1790, the slaves in the United 
      States amounted to                 697,697
   In this census they are, exclusive
      of Tennessee, and the other de-
      ficient districts                  869,761
                                       ---------
               Absolute increase         172,071

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