1840 Census Notes from newspapers of the day:

From the Adams Sentinel, (Gettysburg, PA), October 18, 1841: 

"In looking over a tabular statement of the last census, we find
that there were 17,068,666 souls in the United States in 1840.
  Of which there are of whites, 14,289,108
  Leaving colored,               2,779,558
  Of the colored, less than 400,000 are free.
Yet of these free blacks, there are 647 above 100 years of age;
while of the immense number of whites, only 791 are above 100 
years of age.
Of the slaves, 1393 are above 100 years of age...
We may remark, that of the 14,000,000 of whites, 2,500,000 are
under five years of age.
We remark that there is not in Rhode Island one male person who
has reached 100 years.
In Iowa Territory, not one has reached 90 years; while every 
other State, District, and Territory, has several males over 90,
and one at least over 100, and all have one or more females over
100.
There are more males in every division under 15 years of age, 
than there are females; but from 15 years to 20, the females
exceed the males, and especially in the last division, viz:
  Above 100 years -- males          286
  Above 100 years -- females        361
The proportion of males to females, on the different divisions
of years, varies again among the slaves.
There are no slaves in Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, and 
Michigan.  There is one slave in New Hampshire, one in Ohio, 
and two in Indiana..."

From the Adams Sentinel, (Gettysburg, PA), November 29, 1841: 

"U.S. Census of 1840. - Abstract.

WHITES - Males,   7,249,266
         Females, 6,939,842
         ------------------      14,189,108
BLACKS - Slaves,  2,487,213
         Free,      386,246
         ------------------       2,873,459
                                  ---------
  Total population,              17,062,567

        Employed

In Agriculture,                   3,717,756
In Mining,                           15,203
In Commerce,                        117,575
In Manufactures and Trades,         791,545
In Navigation of Oceans,             56,025
In Navigation of Lakes,
  Rivers, and Canals                 33,067
Learned Professions,
  Engineers, & c.                    65,236
Deaf and Dumb,                        7,559
Blind,                                6,816

        Education

Universities and Colleges               173
Academies and Grammar Schools,        3,243
Primary and Common Schools,          47,289
Number of Students in Colleges, & c. 16,233
Number of students in Academies and
  Grammar Schools,                  164,159
Number of Pupils in Primary 
  Schools,                        1,845,264
Number of Pupils at public charge   468,764"

From the Independent Treasury, (Elyria, OH), December 22, 1841: 

"The Secretary of State, on whom the acts of Congress have devolved 
the duty of directing the proceedings for the taking of the Sixth 
Census, or enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States, will
report to the two Houses the progress of that work.  The enumeration
of persons has been completed and exhibits a grand total of 17,069,453;
making an increase over the Census of 1830, of 5,212,646 inhabitants,
and showing a gain in a ratio exceeding 82 1/2 per cent for the last
ten years."

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